Saline solution, being isotonic with human bodily fluids, is commonly used in medical settings for wound irrigation and fluid replacement during dehydration. When minor injuries occur that require cleaning but visiting a hospital is inconvenient, you can rinse the wound with saline solution at home. But what if you don't have saline solution on hand? You can easily prepare it yourself.So, how do you prepare saline solution? What concentration is required?
Saline solution is a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Place 0.9 grams of sodium chloride in a container, add 100 milliliters of distilled water, and stir until completely dissolved. Sterilize in an autoclave at 121°C for 30 minutes to obtain the solution.Below are several common methods for preparing saline solution:
I. Standard Preparation Method for Saline Solution
1. Dissolve sodium chloride in injectable water to form a 20% concentrated solution;
2. Add activated charcoal and mix thoroughly, then let stand at below 10°C;
3. Coarse filter to remove carbon, then dilute to a sodium chloride concentration of 0.9g;
4. Adjust pH to 5.5–6.5, filter through G4, dispense into containers, and sterilize by autoclaving.
Note: Intermediate products and finished products must undergo testing for impurities. Finished saline solution may be used after passing quality inspection.
II. Locke's Saline Solution Preparation
Ingredients: Sodium chloride 9.0 g, Sodium bicarbonate 0.1–0.3 g, Potassium chloride 0.42 g, Calcium chloride 0.24 g.
Method:
1. Dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate separately in small amounts of distilled water. Combine and add distilled water to reach 980 mL.
2. Dissolve calcium chloride in 20 mL distilled water and add dropwise to the above solution.
Scope of Application: This saline solution is suitable for homeothermic animals, particularly mammals.
III. Ringer's Saline Solution Preparation
Ingredients: Sodium chloride 6.5 g, Sodium bicarbonate 0.2 g, Potassium chloride 0.14 g, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 g, Calcium chloride 0.12 g.
Method:
1. Dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate separately in small amounts of distilled water. Combine and dilute with distilled water to 980 mL;
2.Then dissolve calcium chloride in 20 mL of distilled water. Add the calcium chloride solution dropwise to the above mixture while stirring continuously to prevent the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate precipitation.
Scope of Application: This saline solution is suitable for poikilothermic animals, particularly amphibians.
Saline Solution Concentration
Saline solutions are classified into low, standard, and high concentrations based on their strength. High-concentration saline is rarely used in medical settings but is frequently employed in molecular biology.
Standard physiological saline, a sodium chloride solution with osmotic pressure matching animal or human plasma, is commonly used in physiology and clinical settings. Its concentration ranges from 0.67% to 0.70% for amphibians and 0.85% to 0.90% for mammals and humans.Because its osmotic pressure is roughly equivalent to that of normal human plasma and tissue fluid, it can be used for fluid replacement and other medical purposes, and is also commonly used for culturing living tissues and cells in vitro. The following are the required saline concentrations for various animals:
1. Mammals: Require a saline concentration of 0.9%.Weigh 0.9 grams of sodium chloride, dissolve in a small amount of distilled water, and dilute to 100 milliliters.
2. Birds: Require a 0.75% saline solution. Weigh 0.75 grams of sodium chloride, dissolve, and dilute with distilled water to 100 milliliters.
3. Amphibians: Require a 0.65% saline solution. Weigh 0.65 grams of sodium chloride, dissolve it, and dilute with distilled water to 100 milliliters.
The above outlines several simple methods for preparing saline solution and their concentration requirements. When treating minor wounds, you can prepare saline solution yourself. However, serious injuries should never be taken lightly and require immediate medical attention.