Misconception 1: Toilet seats can transmit sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI pathogens cannot survive long outside the body, especially on cold, hard surfaces like toilet seats. Furthermore, STI viruses are not present in urine. Therefore, regardless of who has used a toilet seat, the risk of contracting an STI from sharing a toilet seat is negligible—essentially zero.However, caution is warranted regarding skin-to-skin or oral contact. For instance, kissing can transmit herpes, and deep kissing may even spread oral gonorrhea and chlamydia. Skin contact can transmit genital warts, herpes, scabies, and pubic lice.
Misconception 2: Women cannot get pregnant during their first sexual encounter. In reality, the likelihood of conception during a woman's first sexual encounter is virtually identical to any other sexual encounter. Statistics also indicate that 20% of women conceive within the first month of initiating sexual activity.
Misconception 3: Women cannot get pregnant during menstruation. While pregnancy during menstruation is less likely, it remains possible—especially without contraception. Some women have longer periods that overlap with ovulation, meaning conception can occur during menstruation. For example, a woman with a short cycle (e.g., 21 days) and a one-week period might conceive.If intercourse occurs near the end of her period, pregnancy is possible because sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for over 72 hours. Even during the perimenopausal phase with irregular periods, conception remains possible. Experts therefore advise that women should continue using contraception for at least one year after their last menstrual period to ensure absolute safety.
Misconception 4: Emergency contraception causes abortion. Past studies show over 30% of sexually active teens believe emergency contraception induces abortion. In reality, emergency contraception is not an abortion pill and does not cause abortion. If a fertilized egg has already implanted, taking emergency contraception will not reverse the pregnancy.
Misconception 5: Birth control pills cause weight gain. Despite numerous studies failing to establish a link between oral contraceptives and weight gain, the belief that birth control pills lead to weight gain remains a common misconception among women of all ages. Experts conducting a comprehensive analysis of 44 previous studies found no evidence that women gain weight specifically because of contraceptive use.
Misconception 6: Teenagers cannot buy birth control pills without a prescription. As early as April 2009, women aged 17 and older across the United States could purchase the emergency contraceptive pill "Plan B" over the counter without a doctor's prescription. In fact, nine U.S. states allow direct sale of "Plan B" to women of any age.
Misconception 7: Teenagers using intrauterine devices (IUDs) are unsafe.Many mistakenly believe IUDs may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women under 18. However, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated in 2007 that IUDs are highly effective and safe contraceptives suitable for most adult and adolescent women. An IUD can provide contraception for up to 12 years, offering a convenient, long-term method that frees women from the daily hassle of taking oral contraceptives.
Misconception 8: Vaccination guarantees protection against cervical cancer. The cervical cancer vaccine prevents certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). However, vaccination does not offer absolute immunity. It protects against approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Therefore, all women—vaccinated or not—should continue regular Pap smear screenings.
Misconception 9: Douching is a healthy way to clean the vagina. In reality, the vagina has a self-cleaning function. According to research by the National Women's Health Information Center, douching does more harm than good. The natural bacteria inside the vagina maintain its cleanliness and health, while douching disrupts this bacterial balance and can even cause vaginal infections to spread to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. Furthermore, douching does not protect women from sexually transmitted diseases nor does it prevent pregnancy.Moreover, douching may increase fertility by allowing sperm to penetrate deeper into the vagina and cervix.
Misconception 10: Women should undergo Pap smears at age 18. Pap smear cytology is currently the most widely implemented and effective method for cancer prevention. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists previously recommended annual Pap smears for all women aged 18 or older, or those who are sexually active.However, this guideline was revised in 2003 to recommend screening starting at age 21. This adjustment was made because in most cases, human papillomavirus (HPV) infections resolve on their own within three years. Only persistent infections warrant attention, as they may lead to cervical cancer and can be detected during follow-up examinations.