Mulberry leaf extract significantly prolongs whole blood clotting time in mice and markedly extends activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) in rabbit plasma.Since the coagulation process involves both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, APTI reflects intrinsic pathway activity, PT reflects extrinsic pathway activity, and TT reflects the common pathway (thrombin activity). This indicates mulberry leaves directly inhibit the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction.
2. Hypotensive Effects
Rutin, quercetin, and quercetin glycosides in mulberry leaves increase contractility and cardiac output in isolated and in situ frog hearts while reducing heart rate. Rutin induces vasoconstriction in toad hindlimb and rabbit ear vessels, while quercetin dilates coronary vessels, improving myocardial circulation.Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), rutin, and quercetin exhibit hypotensive effects. GABA, a neurotransmitter, promotes brain tissue metabolism and restores neuronal function while improving cerebral blood flow. It enhances angiotensin-converting enzyme I activity, thereby lowering blood pressure.
3. Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Antithrombotic, and Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects
Mulberry leaves inhibit fatty liver formation, reduce serum lipids, and suppress atherosclerosis. Active components include DNJ, phytosterols, and flavonoids.
Mulberry leaves contain flavonoids that strengthen capillaries and reduce blood viscosity. Additionally, mulberry leaf tea contains components that inhibit LDL-lipoprotein oxidation in the body. Therefore, mulberry leaves aid in weight loss and improving hyperlipidemia while also preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage.