Molar pregnancy involves proliferation of trophoblastic cells, producing massive amounts of HCG. Serum HCG concentrations are significantly higher than those seen in normal pregnancies at the corresponding gestational age. This difference can be utilized as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for molar pregnancy. Since the peak HCG secretion in normal pregnancy occurs between 60–70 days, potentially overlapping with the onset of molar pregnancy, diagnosis can be challenging. Continuous HCG monitoring or simultaneous ultrasound examinations can facilitate differentiation.
2. Flow Cytometry (FCM)
The chromosomal karyotype of a complete hydatidiform mole is diploid, while that of a partial mole is triploid.
3. Ultrasound Examination
In normal pregnancies, the gestational sac is visible at 4–5 weeks gestation. Cardiac activity becomes detectable at 6–7 weeks, with fetal heart sounds audible as early as 6 weeks and consistently detectable after 12 weeks.In hydatidiform moles, the uterine cavity shows coarse punctate or snowflake-like patterns. No gestational sac is visible, nor are fetal structures or heartbeat signs detectable. Only uterine blood flow murmurs are audible, with no fetal heartbeat.