Many people think: "I get annual physicals at work and am perfectly healthy—why repeat preconception checkups?" Experts emphasize that routine physicals cannot replace specialized preconception screening.
Physicals primarily cover liver/kidney function, blood/urine tests, and ECGs—basic bodily assessments. Preconception screening, however, focuses on reproductive organs, related immune systems, and genetic history.Especially now that premarital checkups have been abolished, prenatal screening helps ensure you conceive a healthy baby.
Essential tests are non-negotiable for every expectant mother:
Test 1: Reproductive System
Scope: Vaginal discharge screening for trichomoniasis, fungal infections, mycoplasma/chlamydia infections, vaginal inflammation, and sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and syphilis.
Purpose: To identify gynecological conditions. If sexually transmitted diseases are present, thorough treatment before pregnancy is recommended to prevent risks like miscarriage or premature birth.
Method: A routine vaginal discharge test. Most women experience minimal discomfort, though relaxation during the exam can reduce sensitivity.
Cost: Approximately ¥60. Chlamydia and Mycoplasma testing: around ¥150.
Target Population: All women of childbearing age
Timing: Any time before pregnancy
Test 2: Comprehensive Teratogen Screening
Includes: Rubella, Toxoplasma, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) tests.
Purpose: 60%-70% of women contract rubella virus. Infection during pregnancy—especially the first trimester—can cause miscarriage or fetal abnormalities.
Test Method: Venipuncture blood draw
Timing: Three months before pregnancy
Cost: Approximately ¥240 for the full panel; hospitals typically perform testing weekly.
Target Population: All women of childbearing age
Test Three:Liver Function Test
Test Components: Currently available in comprehensive and basic versions. The comprehensive test includes all hepatitis B markers plus glucose, bile acids, etc., offering better value.
Purpose: If the mother has hepatitis, pregnancy may lead to premature birth, and the virus can be directly transmitted to the child.
Method: Venipuncture timing: Three months before pregnancy. Cost: Approximately 70 yuan.
Target Population: Couples of childbearing age.
Test Four: Urinalysis
Purpose: Aids in early diagnosis of kidney disorders. The 10-month pregnancy places significant strain on the mother's renal system, as increased bodily metabolism burdens the kidneys.
Method: Urine sample collectionTiming: Three months before pregnancyCost: Approximately 10 yuan.
Target Population: Women of childbearing age.
Test Five: Dental Examination
Purpose: To address dental issues before pregnancy, as treatment during pregnancy may involve medications that affect the fetus, making treatment challenging and causing discomfort for both mother and baby.
Timing: 6 months before pregnancy
Cost: Approximately ¥100–¥1000
Target Population: Women of childbearing age Optional Tests Based on Need
Test 6: Gynecological Endocrine Panel
Items: Includes 6 tests such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Purpose: Diagnosis of ovarian disorders like menstrual irregularities.
Test Method: Venipuncture blood draw
Price: 300 RMB for full panel; results available on the third day. Prices may vary by hospital.
Target Population: Women with menstrual irregularities or infertility.
Timing: Pre-pregnancy
Test Seven: ABO Hemolytic Screening
Test Components: Includes blood type and ABO hemolytic titer.
Purpose: To prevent hemolytic disease in infants.
Method: Venipuncture Timing: Three months before pregnancy
Cost: Approximately 25 yuan; hospitals typically perform weekly testing.
Candidates: Women with blood type O whose partners have type A or B, or those with unexplained miscarriage history.