Facelifts and other wrinkle-reducing procedures are sought by many wishing to erase signs of aging. However, a study led by physicians at the University of Rochester Medical Center revealed significant changes in facial bone structure—particularly the mandibular angle—which also exhibit aging characteristics as people grow older.
Research Process:
Reviewing 120 facial CT scans originally performed for other medical reasons, plastic surgeons measured changes in facial bone structure over time. These scans were categorized by gender and age, with 20 males and 20 females in each of three age groups: young (20-36 years);Middle-aged group (41-64 years); Elderly group (65 years and above).
Researchers used computer programs to measure the length, width, and angle of the mandible or jawbone in each scan image, then compared the results across groups. CT scans enabled precise three-dimensional reconstruction in this study, enhancing measurement accuracy.Traditional studies using X-rays have been controversial, revealing that the mandible changes with age.
Experts explain:
Facial bones form the foundation of facial contours, and their morphology undergoes subtle changes over time.As organic tissues, bones are constantly evolving, meaning facial aging is inevitably influenced by skeletal deformation. The arch shape is a ubiquitous form in nature, and facial bones can be viewed as an organic combination of different arches—such as the zygomatic arch, mandible, maxilla, and nasal tip.
Research measurements reveal that the zygomatic, frontal, and mandibular bones expand outward in an arched pattern with age, though the degree of this expansion varies significantly between individuals. This variation forms the basis of distinct facial contours.In youth, the orbital rim protrudes with a flat orbital floor, fully supporting orbital contents. However, as age advances, the mandible recedes and the orbital rim retracts downward and backward. This causes sagging of the mid-face soft tissues, accentuated eye bags, and a more pronounced nasolabial fold.Facial structure does not appear most youthful at birth. During infancy, craniofacial bones are undeveloped, and facial soft tissues hang relatively low, creating a sagging appearance. Consequently, infant facial features resemble those of a person in their 70s.Future Direction: This research has been presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and published in the Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The study suggests that future facial rejuvenation procedures may involve two distinct levels: underlying structural adjustments must precede skin tightening.