Achieving aesthetically pleasing breasts hinges on moderate proportions. Underdeveloped breasts lack body curves, while excessively large breasts appear exaggerated and burdensome—and may indicate a medical condition. When breasts reach a certain size, it constitutes macromastia, necessitating reduction surgery.Below are potential complications associated with breast reduction surgery:
1. Hematoma: Primarily caused by excessive removal of glandular tissue during surgery, overly extensive dissection, inadequate hemostasis, improper alignment of tissue layers during suturing, or residual dead space.
2. Infection: Mainly resulting from significant tissue trauma during the procedure, which compromises local blood supply and infection resistance, combined with endogenous infection within the ducts.
3. Nipple and Areola Necrosis: Postoperative necrosis of the nipple and areola directly compromises breast aesthetics, representing the most severe complication. Preoperative careful selection of surgical techniques is essential to prevent this. Intraoperative meticulousness is crucial to avoid damaging the blood supply around the areola.
4. Sensory loss and impaired lactation: Removal of glandular tissue and ducts, along with mobilization of the mammary flap from the chest wall, may cause diminished nipple sensation and compromised lactation function.
5. Delayed wound healing and hypertrophic scarring: Delayed healing often occurs at the junction of the inverted "T" incision margin and the inframammary fold in the lower breast. Hypertrophic scarring is more likely to develop if infection is present.
6. Postoperative breast asymmetry: Both breasts should be closely monitored postoperatively. Surgical teams must coordinate thoroughly during the procedure, comparing and adjusting as they pull and suture. Careful observation of breast contouring is essential to prevent asymmetry.