1. Perforation: During the healing phase, perforation occurs in the gingival tissue covering the implant. Causes may include excessive tension on the flap during suturing, poor suturing technique, residual suture material stimulating granulation tissue proliferation, or pressure from the prosthesis leading to pressure ulceration of the gingiva.
2. Gingivitis: Caused by poor oral hygiene and plaque irritation, with no significant gingival tissue hyperplasia at this stage.
3. Hyperplastic gingivitis: Occurs when gingival tissue covers or tightly adheres to the junction between the implant abutment and bridge, leading to localized poor hygiene and hyperplastic inflammation of the gingival tissue.Surgical intervention is typically required for hyperplastic gingivitis.
4. Fistula Formation: Mucosal fistulas associated with peri-abutment or peri-implant inflammation. Common in cases where gingival tissue covers the abutment-bridge junction; surgical curettage may be employed.
5. Progressive marginal bone resorption: Bone loss around the implant caused by localized inflammation, implant overload, or central screw fracture. Treatment involves scaling to remove plaque and addressing the underlying cause.
6. Implant loosening.
7. Implant fracture.
8. Other injuries: Primarily due to inadequate surgical planning, resulting in implant penetration into the maxillary sinus, nasal floor, inferior alveolar nerve, or adjacent tooth damage, and even mandibular fractures.