The purpose of a complete blood count (CBC) is to detect early signs of anemia or other blood disorders. Maternal anemia not only increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection but also makes the child more susceptible to infections, weakens their immune system, and may lead to delayed growth and development.
Urinalysis aids in early diagnosis of kidney disorders. The ten-month pregnancy places immense strain on the mother's renal system, as increased bodily metabolism burdens the kidneys. Existing kidney conditions can have severe consequences.
Stool analysis detects digestive system diseases and parasitic infections. For instance, undiagnosed toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage or fetal abnormalities.
Liver function tests (hepatitis panel) screen for hepatitis and liver damage. If the mother has viral hepatitis and it goes undetected, pregnancy can lead to severe complications including premature birth or neonatal death. Hepatitis viruses can also be vertically transmitted to the child.These pathogens can often cross the placenta to the fetus, causing perinatal infections that lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, congenital malformations, intellectual disabilities, and other adverse outcomes, hence their significant concern.
Endocrine function tests help identify ovarian disorders like menstrual irregularities.For example, women with ovarian tumors—even benign ones—often face challenges during pregnancy. The enlarging uterus can obstruct tumor monitoring and may lead to risks like miscarriage or premature birth. Vaginal discharge tests screen for trichomoniasis, fungal, and bacterial infections. If sexually transmitted diseases are present, thorough treatment before conception is advisable. Failure to do so may cause miscarriage, premature birth, or premature rupture of membranes.
Additionally, women with a family history of genetic disorders, those who have previously delivered infants with congenital abnormalities, and pregnant women over 35 should follow their doctor's advice regarding chromosomal testing, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling to enable early detection and prevention.