Heatstroke is the most common ailment during summer's intense heat. Though summer has just begun, many already feel the season's warmth. With numerous people traveling for leisure, neglecting precautions against high temperatures can easily lead to heatstroke due to seasonal transitions.
Early Symptoms of Heatstroke
1. Pre-heatstroke symptoms include profuse sweating, thirst, noticeable fatigue, limb weakness, dizziness, chest tightness, nausea, poor concentration, and limb numbness. Body temperature remains normal or slightly elevated, generally not exceeding 37.5°C (99.5°F).
2. Mild heatstroke presents with flushed face, chest tightness, dry and hot skin, or early signs of respiratory/circulatory failure like pallor, nausea/vomiting, profuse sweating, cold clammy skin, elevated temperature above 38°C, low blood pressure, and rapid pulse.
3. Severe heatstroke: In addition to the above symptoms, if the patient experiences fainting or convulsions, or exhibits dry skin without sweating and a body temperature above 40°C, this indicates severe heatstroke requiring emergency intervention. For unconscious patients, perform acupuncture on the Renzhong (GV26) and Shixuan (LI10) points. While administering first aid, promptly transport the patient to a hospital for treatment.
Six Critical Steps for Heatstroke First Aid:
1. Move the patient to a cool location
Quickly relocate the patient from the hot environment to a nearby ventilated, shaded area. Lay them flat, unbutton their clothing, and elevate their feet. This enhances blood flow to the brain while facilitating heat dissipation.
2. Cool the patient
Place a cold towel on the patient's forehead. If available, use alcohol, white liquor, ice water, or cold water to wipe the entire body. Use a fan or electric fan to accelerate heat dissipation. Ensure moderation to prevent the patient from catching a cold.
Note: Avoid rapid cooling. Once the patient's temperature drops below 38°C (98.6°F), cease forced cooling methods like blowing air or applying cold water.
3. Rehydrate the patient after regaining consciousness If conscious, provide cool beverages containing electrolytes or baking soda.
Note: Avoid excessive fluid intake, as it may cause abdominal pain, vomiting, or nausea. Do not consume coffee or alcoholic beverages.
4. If the patient is unconscious
Press the Ren Zhong (CV8) and He Gu (LI4) acupoints to restore consciousness. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately.
5. For severe heatstroke patients
Patients exhibiting high fever, unconsciousness, or convulsions require immediate emergency medical assistance (dial 120). While awaiting help, position the patient flat on their back with the head tilted backward to maintain airway patency.
6. Transport severely heat-struck patients on a stretcher. Apply ice packs to the forehead, back of the head, chest, elbow creases, and groin during transport to facilitate cooling.