Stillbirth refers to fetal death occurring within the uterus. The fetus typically passes naturally within two weeks of death, and this natural expulsion poses minimal risk to the mother's health. If the mother waits for natural expulsion but no movement occurs after two weeks, it is advisable to undergo induced labor, as prolonged retention increases the risk of clotting. Regardless of the method of delivery, stillbirth undoubtedly deals a profound blow to expectant parents.So why is stillbirth more common during the third trimester?
The causes of stillbirth are complex and varied, but common factors include:
1. Chromosomal abnormalities: Whether originating from the sperm or egg, chromosomal abnormalities in the genetic material prevent normal embryonic development even after fertilization. Therefore, individuals with a family history of genetic disorders should undergo medical screening and preconception checkups before pregnancy.
2. Viral infections: If a pregnant woman contracts viruses like rubella, cytomegalovirus, measles virus, or hepatitis B virus during early pregnancy, these infections can be fatal to the fetus.
3. Uterine abnormalities: Both the internal environment within the uterus and the overall uterine conditions can affect the embryo. Clinically, uterine defects account for approximately 10%-15% of miscarriages and contribute to about 10% of fetal demise cases.
4. Environmental Factors: Unintended exposure to X-rays or other forms of radiation, or contact with toxic substances—including hazardous chemicals and substandard building materials—can also cause fetal demise.
5. Placental Issues: Conditions like placental abruption or placenta previa can lead to insufficient oxygen supply from the placenta, resulting in fetal hypoxia and death.
6. Maternal chronic conditions: Severe chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or viral hepatitis may affect fetal health due to long-term medication use.Embryos in the second and third trimesters are relatively secure within the uterus, with stillbirths occurring infrequently. Thus, most stillbirths happen within the first three months of pregnancy.
What to do after a pregnancy loss at three months? Solutions include:
1. While grieving, expectant parents should rationally face reality, actively seek causes, and note post-loss precautions.