Congenital abnormalities not only impose significant burdens on families and society but also inflict mental and physical suffering on expectant mothers. To prevent such occurrences, efforts must begin at the source:
First, take premarital medical examinations seriously. Conditions identified through these checks—such as hepatitis B and sexually transmitted diseases—can affect offspring's health and cause fetal abnormalities. Pregnancy should only be pursued after full recovery.
Second, prepare thoroughly before conception. Avoid unplanned pregnancies by pursuing prepared, planned pregnancies. Undergo necessary tests like rubella virus screening. Rubella infection can cause congenital heart disease and deafness in fetuses, preventable through vaccination. Take folic acid tablets (e.g., Siliang) during the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects.
Third, avoid conceiving during spring and winter when viral activity is higher. Fetal malformation rates are significantly higher in pregnancies conceived during these seasons compared to summer and fall.
Fourth, establish a perinatal health record immediately after conception and attend regular check-ups. Perform Down syndrome screening between 14-20 weeks and ultrasound scans before 28 weeks. These tests can detect fetal abnormalities early in pregnancy.
Fifth, prevent reproductive tract infections. These infections are primarily caused by unprotected sexual activity. Practice safe sex, seek prompt treatment for confirmed infections, and consult a doctor immediately if you notice abnormal vaginal discharge. Do not avoid medication or delay seeking medical care due to pregnancy.