Epidemiological studies indicate that obese women face higher risks of endometrial cancer and postmenopausal breast cancer, while obese men are more susceptible to prostate cancer. Furthermore, obesity increases the risk of colon and rectal cancer in both sexes. The severity of obesity correlates directly with higher incidence rates of these cancers.
2. Contributes to various vascular disorders
Obesity predisposes individuals to multiple vascular diseases.Beyond excessive subcutaneous fat accumulation, obese individuals also experience fat buildup within visceral organs and throughout the body's vascular system. This predisposes them to multiple vascular disorders, particularly life-threatening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Research indicates that obese individuals have a 1.5 to 3 times higher incidence of hypertension compared to normal-weight individuals. Moreover, the higher the degree of obesity, the greater the prevalence of hypertension and the more pronounced the blood pressure elevation.Among severely obese individuals, the incidence of hypertension exceeds 50%. Conversely, implementing weight loss measures to reduce body weight can correspondingly lower blood pressure. 3. Increased Risk of Diabetes While obesity isn't a direct cause of diabetes, its role in triggering the condition cannot be overlooked. Numerous studies confirm that the higher the degree of obesity, the greater the incidence of diabetes.In many developed economies, diabetes is the most prevalent obesity-related disease. Approximately one-third of adults with diabetes are obese. Nearly all obese individuals exhibit elevated fasting blood glucose levels to varying degrees.
4. Increased Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Excess weight places additional strain on the musculoskeletal system—particularly the spine and lower limbs—through prolonged support of excessive body mass.Bones, joints, and other tissues that sustain excessive weight over time are akin to carrying unnecessary burdens daily. Over time, this inevitably leads to cumulative strain, resulting in arthritis, muscle strain, or spinal nerve root compression. This causes aches in the waist, legs, shoulders, and back, and may even lead to joint deformities, severely impairing limb mobility.
5. Leading to Dyslipidemia
Obese individuals, especially those with abdominal obesity, are more prone than average to hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormally elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are conversely reduced.The exact reasons why obese individuals are prone to hyperlipidemia remain unclear, but possible factors include: high dietary fat intake, excessive fat storage in the body, hyperinsulinemia increasing blood lipids, and impaired lipid clearance.
6. Increased Risk of Hypertension
Obesity is closely linked to hypertension. Among obese individuals aged 40–50, the incidence of hypertension is 50% higher than in non-obese individuals. A moderately obese person has over five times the risk of developing hypertension compared to someone of normal weight, and over twice the risk compared to a mildly obese individual.
7. Increased cardiac burden
Studies indicate obese individuals face a fourfold higher risk of angina and sudden cardiac death. This confirms obesity imposes significant strain on the heart, causing cardiac damage.The human heart functions like a pump, continuously contracting and relaxing to maintain blood circulation. In obese individuals, excessive fat stored in the blood increases total blood volume, forcing the heart to exert greater force during contraction. When the heart becomes overburdened, it can no longer pump blood effectively, leading to blood pooling in the cardiovascular system. Severe cases may even result in significant heart failure.
8. Causes Fatty Liver Disease
Approximately half of obese individuals suffer from fatty liver disease. The liver synthesizes triglycerides, yet it possesses limited storage capacity. In obese individuals, the balance between triglyceride synthesis and transport becomes disrupted. High fatty acid intake leads to increased triglyceride production in the liver.Large amounts of triglycerides accumulate in the liver, ultimately forming fatty liver.
9. Causing Bone and Joint Diseases Obesity can lead to three primary bone and joint diseases: osteoarthritis, diabetic osteoarthropathy, and gouty osteoarthropathy. Among these, osteoarthritis is the most prevalent and harmful. Obesity-related osteoarthritis primarily affects the knee joints, followed by the hip joints and finger joints.
10. Impairs Nutrient Absorption
Obesity is a nutritional disorder. For a long time, some people mistakenly believed that being plump and well-fed signified good nutrition.In reality, obesity does not equate to good nutrition. Like emaciation, it results from nutritional imbalance, differing only in the amount of fat stored in the body. Obesity involves not only excess body fat but also deficiencies in certain nutrients. For instance, many obese children often suffer from insufficient levels of trace elements like iron and calcium, leading to conditions such as iron-deficiency anemia and rickets.