While skin itching during pregnancy is often normal, some cases stem from intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). When affected, bile accumulates in certain body areas and cannot be expelled normally. This accumulated bile in capillaries stimulates nerve endings, causing the itching sensation.
It is crucial to note that intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy poses serious potential risks to the fetus. When bile accumulates in the placenta, it narrows the villous spaces, reducing placental blood flow. This impairs the exchange of substances and oxygen supply between the mother and fetus, increasing the risk of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, or even fetal death.
The primary clinical manifestation of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is skin itching. Severe cases may develop jaundice, while a minority of patients may also experience fatigue, diarrhea, or abdominal distension. Pregnant women exhibiting these warning signs should seek prompt medical attention.
Once diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, most affected women require hospitalization. Patients should prioritize maintaining skin cleanliness and may apply moisturizer after bathing. Avoid triggers such as chemical irritants, poor hygiene practices, and non-breathable synthetic undergarments, as these can exacerbate itching.