Blue sclera, medically termed blue sclera, is often caused by chronic iron deficiency. Iron is a crucial component in the collagen tissue of the sclera's outer layer. Deficiency thins the sclera, allowing the underlying dark blue choroid to show through, resulting in a bluish appearance. Chronic iron deficiency inevitably leads to iron-deficiency anemia.Patients with moderate to severe anemia typically exhibit blue-white sclera. Reddened sclera usually indicates congestion caused by bacterial or viral infections. If accompanied by discharge, foreign body sensation, itching, or eye pain, seek ophthalmological evaluation.Additionally, individuals with high blood pressure may experience conjunctival hyperemia before cerebral hemorrhage, as may those with epilepsy before seizures, severe insomniacs, and patients with cardiac insufficiency. If hyperemia occurs in only one eye, consider the possibility of sexually transmitted infection. Yellowing of the whites indicates jaundice. Causes include infectious liver disease, biliary tract disorders, pregnancy-related toxemia, and certain hemolytic diseases.
Blood spots in the whites of the eyes serve as a warning sign for arteriosclerosis, particularly cerebral arteriosclerosis.
Green spots in the whites of the eyes are most often an early signal of intestinal obstruction.
Red spots in the whites of the eyes result from dilation of terminal capillaries. This symptom commonly appears in diabetic patients.
Triangular, circular, or crescent-shaped blue, gray, or black spots on the whites of the eyes are common symptoms of intestinal ascariasis.