Dental implants, also known as artificial tooth implants, do not involve transplanting natural teeth. Instead, through medical procedures, pure titanium metal with high biocompatibility is precisely engineered into cylindrical or other shapes resembling tooth roots. These are then surgically implanted into the alveolar bone of the edentulous area. After 1 to 3 months, once the artificial root has fused with the alveolar bone, a porcelain crown is fabricated and attached to the implant.
1. Perforation: During the healing phase, the gingival tissue covering the implant may perforate. Causes may include excessive tension on the flap during suturing, poor suturing technique, residual suture material irritating granulation tissue, or pressure from the prosthesis leading to pressure ulceration of the gingiva.
2. Proliferative gingivitis: Poor local hygiene occurs when gingival tissue covers or tightly adheres to the junction between the implant abutment and bridge, leading to proliferative inflammation of the gingival tissue. Proliferative gingivitis is generally treated surgically.
3. Gingivitis: Caused by poor oral hygiene and plaque irritation, without significant gingival tissue proliferation at this stage.
4. Fistula Formation: Fistulas on the mucosa are associated with inflammation around the abutment or implant. They frequently occur in cases where gingival tissue covers the abutment-bridge junction; surgical curettage can be employed for treatment.
5. Progressive Marginal Bone Resorption: Bone resorption around the implant caused by localized inflammation, implant overload, or central screw fracture. Treatment involves scaling to remove plaque and addressing the underlying cause.
6. Implant Loosening.
6. Implant Loosening.
7. Implant Fracture.
8. Other Injuries: Primarily due to inadequate surgical planning, resulting in implant penetration into the maxillary sinus, nasal floor, inferior alveolar nerve, or damage to adjacent teeth, and even mandibular fractures.