Preventive Measures for Long-Term Complications of Hyaluronic Acid Injections:
1. Overfilling. This occurs most frequently in the tear trough area. Due to the shallow depression and thin skin texture in this region, combined with injection resistance, improper force can easily cause localized rice-grain-like bumps.
2. Absorption and migration of injected material. Commonly occurs in the temporal, nasal, or cheek regions. Injections in the forehead and temporal areas are typically administered into the loose subgaleal layer beneath the superficial temporal fascia. When large volumes are injected, gravitational forces can cause material migration, warranting careful attention.
3. Recurrent redness and swelling at injection sites. Periodic episodes of redness and swelling may occur at injection areas, with intervals of 2 weeks or 1 month between occurrences.Late complications.
4. Chronic granuloma at injection site. This complication is rare, with foreign literature reporting cases, including instances forming pseudocysts.
5. Acne or erythema at injection site. Commonly occurs with high injection volumes at shallow depths, resulting in taut, shiny skin. Erythema may persist for months.
6. Vascular compression or embolism. Frequently seen with hyaluronic acid injections in glabellar lines, nasolabial folds, or nasal tip. These areas have dense vascular networks adjacent to the ophthalmic and nasal dorsum arteries.
6. Vascular compression or embolism. Most commonly occurs with hyaluronic acid injections in glabellar lines, nasolabial folds, and nasal tip areas. Due to the rich vascular supply in these regions and extensive anastomotic connections with terminal feeding arterioles like the ophthalmic artery and dorsal nasal artery, injections may cause direct vascular embolism, potentially leading to blindness, nasal tip necrosis, or partial upper lip necrosis.