Phototherapy is a simple and effective method to reduce serum unconjugated bilirubin. The newborn is placed in a phototherapy unit with eyes protected by black eye shields to prevent retinal damage. The perineum and anus are covered with a diaper, while the rest of the body remains exposed. Single-sided or double-sided light is applied continuously for 2 to 48 hours (generally not exceeding 4 days). Treatment is discontinued once bilirubin levels drop below 7 mg/dL.
2. Exchange Transfusion
Exchange transfusion effectively reduces bilirubin levels, removes sensitized red blood cells, and alleviates anemia. However, it requires specific conditions and may cause adverse reactions, so indications must be strictly controlled.
3. Pharmacological Therapy
Supplement albumin, correct metabolic acidosis, administer liver enzyme inducers (e.g., phenobarbital), and provide intravenous immunoglobulin.
Neonatal jaundice is actually a relatively common phenomenon, so parents need not be overly concerned. However, if the baby's jaundice persists for an extended period, parents should be vigilant, as it may lead to other complications that could affect the baby's health.