Type 1: Acute Simple Gastritis
Primarily caused by chemical irritants such as strong tea, coffee, spirits, or seasonings, or by medications damaging the gastric mucosa, including salicylates, sulfonamides, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, reserpine, and gastric adrenal corticosteroids.Physical factors like consuming excessively cold, hot, or coarse foods can also damage the gastric mucosa. Microbial infections or bacterial toxins may contribute. Acute corrosive gastritis is often caused by suicide attempts or accidental ingestion of corrosive agents like strong acids or alkalis.
Type 2: Acute Erosive (Hemorrhagic) Gastritis
Primarily occurs during stress states induced by surgery, burns, shock, trauma, or multiple organ failure, as well as from alcohol consumption or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It accounts for approximately 20% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases.
Type 3: Acute Suppurative Gastritis
Primarily a suppurative disease caused by bacterial infections of the gastric wall, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli. Also known as cellulitic gastritis. Acute gastritis is a reversible condition that can be fully restored to normal with treatment.With appropriate treatment, many acute gastritis patients can achieve complete and effective recovery. Its defining characteristic is rapid onset and resolution. However, if treatment is delayed or incomplete, or if dietary habits are improper, leading to prolonged illness, it may progress to chronic gastritis.It is characterized by a higher incidence in males than females, with prevalence increasing with age. The essence of chronic gastritis lies in the remodeling of the gastric mucosa following repeated damage to the epithelial layer. This remodeling, driven by the mucosa's unique regenerative capacity, ultimately leads to irreversible atrophy or even disappearance of the intrinsic gastric glands.