Fetal abnormalities not only impose significant burdens on families and society but also inflict mental and physical suffering on expectant mothers. To prevent such occurrences, prevention must begin at the source. Experts emphasize:
First, take premarital medical examinations seriously. Conditions identified through these checks—such as hepatitis B or sexually transmitted diseases—can affect offspring health and cause fetal abnormalities. Pregnancy should only be considered after full recovery.
Second, prepare thoroughly before conception. Avoid unplanned pregnancies by pursuing prepared, planned pregnancies. Undergo necessary screenings like rubella testing. Rubella infection can cause congenital heart disease and deafness in the fetus, preventable through vaccination. Take folic acid supplements during the first trimester to reduce neural tube defects.
Third, avoid conceiving during spring and winter when viral activity peaks. Fetal malformation rates are significantly higher in pregnancies conceived during these seasons compared to summer and fall.
Fourth, establish a perinatal health record immediately after conception. Schedule regular checkups, including Down syndrome screening between 14-20 weeks and ultrasound examinations before 28 weeks. These tests can detect fetal abnormalities early in pregnancy.
Fifth, prevent reproductive tract infections. These infections are primarily caused by unprotected sexual activity. Practice safe sex, seek prompt treatment for confirmed infections, and consult a doctor immediately if you notice abnormal vaginal discharge. Do not avoid medication or delay seeking medical care due to pregnancy.