Physiologically, the mother and fetus possess not just one brain and autonomic nervous system, but distinct nervous systems and circulatory functions. Consequently, these neurohormonal pathways serve as a unique and invaluable means for emotional communication between mother and fetus, playing an exceptionally vital role. Regarding the command center for behavior and thought, that is undoubtedly the human brain. However, the process of issuing commands occurs within the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain.Notably, sensations and thoughts processed in the brain are transformed into emotions within the hypothalamus—a region directly connected to the cerebral cortex—and subsequently converted into bodily sensations.
It remains unclear under what conditions the fetal nervous system is most susceptible to residual neurohormones released during maternal stress responses. Furthermore, the changes induced by these neurohormones have not been fully elucidated.
However, recent research indicates that the fetal hypothalamus, along with the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems it controls, is most susceptible to influence. Given the limited evidence in this area, it cannot yet be conclusively stated as proof that the fetus comprehends the mother's emotional fluctuations. Nevertheless, it has sparked significant attention and interest.